CAMERA SHOTS, ANGLES, MOVEMENTS AND POSITIONS
Establishing Shot (Could also be a Crane shot) generally tells the audience where the film is going to be set, Establishing Shots are usually Crane Shots which are dolly-shots-in-the-air.
Extreme Long Shot tells the audience where the next scene will take place, normally showing the exterior of a building or landscape.
Long Shot is used to show the images at "life size" and put real distance between the audience and cinema screen
Birds-eye View/Ariel Shot is usually taken from a helicopter in order to establish movement and setting. It shows the scene from directly overhead.
Over-the-shoulder Shot is where the camera is positioned behind one figure, revealing another figure, and part of the first figures back, head and shoulder.
Overhead/High angle Shot is where the camera is elevated above the gerenal action to give a general overview. The object or charcter becomes part of a wider picture.
Low angle Shot increases height to inspire fear or insecurity in the viewers. It also helps give a sense of confusion to a viewer.
Full Shot shows the whole shot of a character, we see the figure from head to toe. Full shots are used so we, as viewers, can establish relationships between characters.
Eye level Shot (also a Wide shot) is positioned as though a human is actually observing a scene, like the actors heads being on a level with the focus.
Mid shot contains the figure from waist up, normally used for diaglogue scenes.
Two shot contains two figures from the waist up (same with a Three shot, but any more than 3 figures, usually becomes a long shot)
Point of View Shot made from a camera position close to the eye of the performer, made as if the audience are experiencing everything the character does.
Close up shows very little background an dusually concentrates on a face or a detail of mise-en-scene. A close up takes us into the mind of the charcter, so is an intimate shot.
Extreme Close up usually magnifies beyond what the eye would experience, so an extreme close up of a face, would show only the eyes or mouth.
Canted Angle (This can also be an example of a hand-held shot) is where the camera is tilted to become the eyes of the character (a POV shot) hand hled shots are usually used for this.
Pan movement which scans a scene horizontally, to follow a moving objects which is kept in the middle of the frame.
Tilt a movement which scans a scene vertically (but basically similar to a pan)
Zoom lense doesnt move the camera, its where the camera zooms in and out of a scene very quickly.
This video show a pan, tilt and zoom:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9JWgU9YVcU
Dolly Shot is where the camera is placed on a moving vehicle and moves alongside the action, following the moving figure or object. Its a goof way of portraying movement or the journey of a character.
An example of a Dolly shot:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbhBJBM-E2Q
EDITING TECHNIQUES
Cross Cut is a cut from one line of action to another
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-A69UHFk4s
Matched Cut (Match on Action) is usually made on action, is used to make a scene look smooth, for example, we see a person turn towards the door, then their hand on the handle, then we see then walking through the door, from the other side of the door than the scene started.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rI82hsBrq8w
Jump Cut is an abrupt switch from one scene to another which may be used to make a dramatic point.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_S5pTUaOwI0
Cutaway is a bridging, intercut shot between two shots of the same subject, showing secondary activitly happening at the same time as the main action
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoFto-Zhy8s
Cutting Rate is where frequent cuts are used as deliberate interruptions to shock or surprise the audience.
Cutting Rhythm can be progressivly shortened to increase tension. It may also create exciting, lyrical or staccato effect in the viewer.
Fade is a gradual transition between shots. The picture gradually appears from or dissapears to a blank screen.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bup_zehvBo
Split Screen is the division of the screen into parts which can show the viewer a few images at the same time.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHvD9mVDxfY
SOUND
Diegetic - When the actors can hear the music, as well as the audience (e.g a radio)
Non-Diegetic - when only the viewers can hear the music, not the characters. The music is from a different place than the on screen action.(e.g. when theres actiony music in a car chase)
Synchronous - sound that is caused by an event on screen, the sound matches the action
Asynchronous - is where the music is separate from the visuals, like a voiceover or dialogue from another scene
Sound Bridges - music that carries over to the next scene, to help the transitions be more fluid
Sound Effects - used to create a sence of realism or create some psychological impact
Ambience - id the background sounds, to create atmosphere
Selective sound - is used to emphasise key sound elements within a sequence
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